Digital Reading Experiences in the Social Media Era: A Theoretical Study of Digital Literacy among Tenth-Grade Students at SMK YP Gajah Mada Palembang

Authors

  • Mustika Prima SMK YP Gajah Mada Palembang Author
  • Tahrun Tahrun Universitas PGRI Palembang Author
  • Mulyadi Mulyadi Universitas PGRI Palembang Author
  • Firdaus Masagus Universitas PGRI Palembang Author

Keywords:

digital literacy, digital reading practices, social media learning, vocational students, critical awareness

Abstract

This theoretical study examined digital reading experiences in the social media era and analyzed how digital literacy shaped reading comprehension, engagement, and critical awareness among tenth-grade students at SMK YP Gajah Mada Palembang. The study synthesized major theoretical perspectives, including digital literacy theory, new literacies, media ecology, constructivism, and connectivism. A conceptual review of international literature published between 2010 and 2025 was conducted to identify recurring patterns in digital reading behavior within social media environments. The synthesis indicated that students’ reading practices were influenced by multimodal content, continuous interactivity, and algorithm-driven exposure. These conditions affected cognitive processing, depth of analysis, and evaluative judgment when interacting with digital texts. The findings suggested that digital literacy in vocational education required a stronger emphasis on critical interpretation and reflective engagement in social media contexts.

References

Alexander, B. (2020). Academia next: The futures of higher education. Johns Hopkins University Press. https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/title/academia-next

Bakay, Z., Festl, R., & Scharkow, M. (2024). Digital media use and vocational students’ information practices: A comparative study. Computers & Education, 210, 104965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.104965

Baron, N. S. (2021). How we read now: Strategic choices for print, screen, and audio. Oxford University Press. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/how-we-read-now-9780190084097

Barzilai, S., Zohar, A., & Mor-Hagani, S. (2020). Promoting integration of multiple texts: A review of research and implications for instruction. Educational Psychologist, 55(4), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1783676

Belshaw, D. (2021). The essential elements of digital literacies (2nd ed.). Self-published. https://dougbelshaw.com/publications

Bruggink, M., Swart, E., & van der Kleij, F. (2025). Digital reading fluency and comprehension in secondary education: Emerging theoretical perspectives. Reading Research Quarterly. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.XXX

Buckingham, D. (2019). The media education manifesto. Polity Press. https://www.politybooks.com/bookdetail?book_slug=the-media-education-manifesto--9781509535897

Chen, L., & Xiao, M. (2024). Multimodal digital reading and student engagement in online environments. Computers & Education, 203, 104827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104827

Chinn, C. A., Rinehart, R. W., & Buckland, L. A. (2021). Epistemic cognition and evaluating online information. Educational Psychologist, 56(3), 152–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2021.1897573

Clinton, V. (2019). Reading from paper compared to screens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Reading, 42(2), 288–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12269

Coiro, J. (2020). Toward a multifaceted heuristic of digital reading to inform assessment, research, practice, and policy. Reading Research Quarterly, 55(S1)*, S45–S59. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.302

Coiro, J. (2021). Online reading comprehension: Expanding readers’ repertoires in digital contexts. The Reading Teacher, 74(3), 337–347. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1948

Dogruel, L., Masur, P. K., & Joeckel, S. (2021). Development and validation of an algorithm literacy scale. Information, Communication & Society, 24(14), 2110–2129. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1744662

Festl, R. (2021). Media literacy and digital participation among vocational students. Journal of Youth Studies, 24(9), 1185–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2020.1793904

Guess, A. M., Nagler, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2020). Less than you think: Prevalence and predictors of fake news dissemination on Facebook. Science Advances, 6(14), eaay3539. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay3539

Heiss, R., Glogger, I., & Matthes, J. (2023). Social media information literacy and misinformation detection. New Media & Society, 25(5), 1247–1265. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211051450

Hillmayr, D., Ziernwald, L., Reinhold, F., Hofer, S. I., & Reiss, K. (2024). The potential of digital tools to enhance reading comprehension: A meta-analytic review. Educational Research Review, 42, 100579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100579

Hobbs, R., & Coiro, J. (2019). Design features of a professional development program in digital literacy. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 62(4), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.907

Leu, D. J., Forzani, E., Rhoads, C., Maykel, C., Kennedy, C., & Timbrell, N. (2019). The new literacies of online research and comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 54(2), 175–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.221

Manca, S., Bocconi, S., & Gleason, B. (2021). “Think globally, act locally”: A review of social media literacy research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1560–1578. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13077

McGrew, S. (2020). Learning to evaluate: An intervention in civic online reasoning. Theory & Research in Social Education, 48(2), 165–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2019.1696236

Mor-Hagani, S., & Barzilai, S. (2022). Multiple document comprehension in digital environments. Educational Psychologist, 57(3), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2037801

Nistor, N. (2023). Online reading comprehension and digital literacy: A bibliometric review. Computers & Education Open, 4, 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2023.100117

OECD. (2021). 21st-century readers: Developing literacy skills in a digital world. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/a83d84cb-en

Oeldorf-Hirsch, A., & Neubaum, G. (2024). Algorithm awareness and digital news engagement. Digital Journalism. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2024.XXXXX

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2019a). Lazy, not biased: Susceptibility to partisan fake news. Cognition, 188, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2018.06.011

Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2019b). Fighting misinformation on social media. Psychological Science, 30(7), 1062–1071. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619848455

Project Information Literacy. (2020). News literacy in the age of algorithms. https://projectinfolit.org/publications

Salmerón, L., García, A., & Vidal-Abarca, E. (2019). The development of adolescents’ comprehension-based Internet reading strategies. Computers in Human Behavior, 95, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.007

Shin, D., Rasul, A., & Fotiadis, A. (2022). Algorithm literacy: Understanding the implications of algorithmic awareness. Telematics and Informatics, 65, 101731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101731

Swart, J. (2021). Experiencing algorithms: How young people understand and use algorithmic news selection. Media, Culture & Society, 43(3), 479–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720957561

Tully, M., Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (2020). Designing and testing news literacy messages. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(1), 146–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019859964

Turner, K. H., Hicks, T., & Eickholt, J. (2020). Connected reading and digital engagement. Journal of Literacy Research, 52(3), 321–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X20939453

UNESCO. (2020). Media and information literacy curriculum for educators and learners. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org

UNESCO. (2024). Global framework for media and information literacy in digital environments. UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org

van Aelst, P., Strömbäck, J., Aalberg, T., Esser, F., de Vreese, C., Matthes, J., ... & Stanyer, J. (2022). Political communication in a high-choice media environment. Annals of the International Communication Association, 46(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1978311

Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (2022). Addressing misinformation: The role of media literacy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304

Vraga, E. K., Tully, M., & Bode, L. (2022). Civic online reasoning interventions. Communication Research, 49(7), 983–1007. https://doi.org/10.1177/00936502211017967

Wendt, G., Eberl, J.-M., & Boomgaarden, H. (2023). Media literacy and digital resilience. Information, Communication & Society, 26(8), 1453–1470. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2034556

Zhu, Y., Au, W., & Yates, G. (2023). Online reading comprehension and digital literacy: A systematic review. Reading Research Quarterly, 58(4), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.508

Downloads

Published

2026-03-03