Journal of Education and Applied Teaching (JEAT)
The Journal of Education and Applied Teaching (JEAT) with E-ISSN: 3090-0360 is an open-access scholarly journal published by Horizon Edukasi Prima Indonesia. The journal is published Triannually, with issues released in February, July and October. In addition, JEAT has been accredited as a SINTA 4 journal, reflecting its recognized academic quality and contribution to scholarly publication in Indonesia. JEAT aims to disseminate original research findings and contemporary issues in the fields of education and instructional studies. Its scope encompasses, but is not limited to, learning and teaching strategies, curriculum development, assessment and instructional material development, teacher professional development, and educational evaluation policy. Furthermore, JEAT publishes comprehensive and high-quality research articles by involving expert reviewers in relevant disciplines. All submitted manuscripts undergo a rigorous double-blind peer-review process and are evaluated based on their scientific merit, originality, and potential contribution to the advancement of educational research and practice.
Exploring Artificial Intelligence Tools Used by Pre-Service Teachers in Designing TEFL Methodology Lessons
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed educational practices, particularly in English language teacher education. This study explores how pre-service teachers use AI tools to design instructional components in a TEFL Methodology course. A qualitative descriptive design was employed involving 17 pre-service teachers at Universitas Muhammadiyah Pringsewu, Lampung. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and classroom observations. The findings indicate that participants frequently used ChatGPT, Gemini, Canva AI, Grammarly, QuillBot, and Microsoft Copilot to support lesson planning, material development, assessment design, media creation, and language improvement. Participants perceived AI as beneficial for enhancing creativity, efficiency, and technological competence in instructional planning. Nevertheless, several challenges were identified, including overreliance on AI, concerns about content accuracy, plagiarism risks, and ethical issues. The study highlights the importance of integrating AI literacy and critical digital pedagogy into TEFL teacher education programs to promote responsible, effective, and pedagogically sound use of AI technologies.
Artificial intelligence, generative AI, pre-service teachers, TEFL methodology, instructional design
Copyright (c) 2026 Novita Eka Tristiana, Miftahul Janah, Adelia Barokah, Umayah Umayah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Using Smart Box Media to Improve Learning Interest in Pancasila Education Among First Grade Students at SD Negeri 99 Palembang
This study aims to determine the use of Smart Box media in Pancasila Education learning and its benefits in increasing the learning interest of first-grade students at SD Negeri 99 Palembang. The background of this study is based on the low learning interest of students caused by monotonous learning methods and the lack of active student involvement in the learning process. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative through observation, teaching assistance, and independent practice during the implementation of the School Field Introduction Program (PLP). Smart Box media was used as an interactive learning medium containing picture cards about responsible and irresponsible behavior. The results showed that the use of Smart Box media was able to increase students’ learning interest, create a more active and enjoyable learning atmosphere, and help students understand responsible behavior in daily life. In addition, students became more enthusiastic, confident, and actively involved during the learning process. Therefore, Smart Box media can be an alternative innovative learning medium that is effectively used in Pancasila Education learning in elementary schools.
Learning Media, Smart Box, Learning Interest, Pancasila Education, Elementary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Melsy Nur Aisyah, Destia Sawalinda, Wulan Tarie, Zilza Oktariani, Asti Veto Mortini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Using Number Card Media to Improve Mathematics Understanding Among Second Grade Students at SD Negeri 99 Palembang
This study aimed to describe the use of number card media in improving students’ understanding of mathematics in Grade II at SD Negeri 99 Palembang. The study used a descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and reflection during the learning process. The focus of the study was directed at students’ understanding of number concepts and simple arithmetic operations as well as student involvement during learning activities. The results showed that the use of number card media helped students recognize number symbols more easily, arrange numbers correctly, and solve simple arithmetic operations. In addition, students became more active, enthusiastic, and engaged in the learning process. The use of number card media also created a more interesting and meaningful learning atmosphere. Therefore, number card media can be used as an alternative learning medium to improve students’ understanding of mathematics in elementary school.
Number Card Media, Mathematics Understanding, Mathematics Learning, Elementary School
Copyright (c) 2026 Zainaria Zainaria, Carrolina Asti Herayani, Zahara Bunda Ayu, Raissa Indriswari, Asti Veto Mortini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Game-Based Physical Fitness Exercises for Fourth Grade Students at SD Negeri 99 Palembang
This study aims to describe the implementation of game-based physical fitness training for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 99 Palembang and to determine students' responses to this learning. The background of this study is based on low physical activity and lack of enthusiasm among students in participating in monotonous physical education (PJOK) lessons. Therefore, a more engaging and enjoyable learning method through a game-based approach is needed. The methods used in this activity were observation, teaching assistance, and independent teaching practice during the School Field Introduction (PLP) activities. In the implementation, the author implemented several games such as wheelbarrows, relay races, walking squats, and jogging to train students' muscular endurance, strength, motor coordination, and agility. The results showed that the implementation of game-based physical fitness training increased physical activity, enthusiasm for learning, and student engagement in the PJOK learning process. Students appeared more active, enthusiastic, and able to work well together during the activities. Furthermore, game-based learning created a more enjoyable learning atmosphere, preventing students from easily becoming bored. Therefore, the implementation of game-based physical fitness training is considered effective in supporting PJOK learning in elementary schools because it can improve both physical fitness and student motivation.
Physical Fitness, Game-Based Learning, PJOK, Elementary School Students
Copyright (c) 2026 Dira Adelia, Rizka Amelia, Dwi Ervina, M. Fito Ramadhan, Asti Veto Mortini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Project-Based Learning Model to Improve Students’ Creativity in Fine Arts Learning for Grade I at SD Negeri 99 Palembang
This study aims to describe the implementation of the Project Based Learning model in enhancing students' creativity in visual arts learning in Grade 1 at SD Negeri 99 Palembang. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The research subjects consist of teachers and Grade 1 students. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation during the learning process. The data were analyzed through stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Project Based Learning model is able to improve students' creativity in visual arts learning. Students become more active, confident, and able to express creative ideas through various artworks they make. In addition, this model also encourages cooperation, communication, and students' enthusiasm in participating in learning. Thus, Project Based Learning can be an effective alternative learning model to enhance the creativity of elementary school students in art learning.
Project Based Learning, Students’ Creativity, Visual Arts Learning, Elementary School Students
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Padilah, Nailah Alifah, Dia Ayu Wahyuni, Stepi Wulandari, Asti Veto Mortini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Improving Speaking Ability of Fifth Grades by Using the Implementation of Multiliteracy Learning Model at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Daarul Abroor
The purpose of this research is to enhance the English speaking skills of fifth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Daarul Abroor through the application of the Multiliteracy Learning Model. This study was conducted using a classroom action research approach and was carried out in two cycles. Data collection involved observations, speaking assessments, and questionnaires to explore the difficulties students encountered during the English learning process. In the first cycle, many students failed to meet the expected speaking performance. However, after adjustments and refinements in the second cycle, a majority of students showed marked improvement and succeeded in reaching the learning objectives. The results indicate that implementing the Multiliteracy Learning Model is an effective strategy to improve students’ speaking abilities and address learning barriers in English.
English Speaking Skill, Multiliteracy Learning, Action Research, Student Learning Challenges
Copyright (c) 2026 Ria Sujiati, Tahrun Tahrun, Masagus Firdaus (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In Indonesia, curriculum change is an adaptive response to changing climate conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing curriculum transformation, the effectiveness of the Merdeka curriculum with deep learning in addressing global challenges, and its impact and guarantees of importance. The method used was a literature review with a qualitative-descriptive approach, analyzing various regulations and relevant journal articles. The results indicate that curriculum change is influenced by political shifts, technological advances, and global labor market demands. The flexibility of the Merdeka curriculum allows students to learn to improve their literacy and numeracy skills. A significant impact is seen on the role of teachers as facilitators, while educational infrastructure and competencies remain major barriers. Consequently, the integration of deep learning into the Merdeka curriculum has the potential to significantly improve inclusive and character-based education, provided it is supported by collaborative efforts between the government, schools, and the general public to overcome technical difficulties.
Merdeka Curriculum, Deep Learning, Digital Era, Education Policy, Learning Transformation
Copyright (c) 2026 Eva Nova Lina, Oktarioe Anggara, Eka Purwasih, Tetra Desi Eryani, Nopiliasari Nopiliasari, Sutinah Sutinah, Akbariansyah Akbariansyah, Darwin Effendi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Principal Leadership on Enhancing Student Discipline at State Senior High School 1 Sungai Lilin
In order to provide a favorable learning environment at school, student discipline is crucial. The learning process will be more successful and academic objectives can be met when pupils exhibit appropriate discipline. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the principal's leadership has improved student discipline at SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Lilin. Interviews, observation, and documentation are the methods used to acquire data for this qualitative descriptive study. The principal, instructors, and a number of purposefully chosen pupils made up the research subjects. The study's findings show that the principle plays a critical role in promoting and enhancing student discipline by using a democratic leadership style, setting an example, consistently enforcing regulations, and offering ongoing coaching and inspiration. In addition, cooperation between the principal, the teaching staff, and parents also supports the creation of a disciplined and conducive school climate. Thus, it can be concluded that the effectiveness of the principal's leadership has a significant influence on improving student discipline at SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Lilin.
Principal Leadership, Student Discipline, Democratic Leadership Style, School Climate.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edi Purnomo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation of School Regulations to Enhance Student Discipline at State Senior High School 1 Sungai Pinang
Since discipline is directly linked to learning achievement and the development of students' personalities, it is one facet of character that needs to be fostered in the field of education. By enforcing school rules, schools, as official educational establishments, have an obligation to instill the principles of discipline. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the elements that facilitate and impede the execution of school regulations at SMAN 1 Sungai Pinang in order to improve student discipline. Descriptive qualitative research methodology is employed, and data is gathered by observation, interviews, and documentation. The study's findings show that socialization of rules is how SMAN 1 Sungai Pinang implements regulations, teacher role models, habituation of disciplined behavior, and the consistent application of sanctions and rewards. Supporting factors for implementation include teacher commitment, principal support, and cooperation with parents, while obstacles include low awareness of some students and the influence of the environment outside the school. In conclusion, the implementation of school regulations plays an important role in shaping student discipline at SMAN 1 Sungai Pinang through an educational approach, habituation, and role models.
Student Discipline, School Regulations, Character Education, Educational Leadership, Qualitative Research.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Eryani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Futsal and Motor Development: Interactive Games for Elementary School Children in Class PJOK
Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) plays an important role in developing the motor skills of elementary school-age children. One effective and enjoyable approach is through interactively packaged futsal games. This article discusses various types of futsal games specifically designed to enhance elementary school children's gross motor skills, such as coordination, balance, agility, and movement accuracy. The methods used include observation and literature study related to physical activity in children and direct implementation in the PJOK class. The results of the study indicate that the use of varied futsal games is capable of increasing student participation, developing basic motor skills, and fostering self-confidence and teamwork. Thus, futsal functions not only as a competitive sport but also as an effective learning medium for children's physical and social development.
Futsal, gross motor skills, elementary school children, interactive games,PJOK
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfairuzz Abadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessing the Mental Training Needs to Enhance Self-Confidence in IPSI Banyuasin Pencak Silat Athletes
Self-confidence is an important psychological factor that influences athlete performance in every sport, including pencak silat. This study aims to analyze the level of self-confidence of pencak silat athletes from IPSI Banyuasin. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with subjects consisting of 15 athletes and 3 coaches from IPSI Banyuasin. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. While data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing using source and method triangulation techniques to ensure data validity. The results showed that the level of self-confidence of IPSI Banyuasin athletes was still classified as moderate to low. As many as 60% of athletes admitted to often feeling tense and hesitant before matches, 26.6% of athletes had moderate self-confidence, and only 13.4% of athletes showed high self-confidence. The main factors influencing self-confidence include competition experience, support from coaches and teammates, physical and technical readiness, and the ability to manage emotions. Overall, this study confirms that mental development is an important aspect that must be integrated into pencak silat training programs, and that audio imagery media can be an effective tool to help IPSI Banyuasin athletes achieve optimal mental readiness.
Self-confidence, pencak silat athletes, mental development, imagery, audio media
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Agus Indrawan, Putri Cicilia Kristina (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancement of Sprinting Proficiency Among Fifth Grade Students at SD Negeri 17 Kelapa
This study aims to improve the sprint running skills of grade V students of SD Negeri 17 Kelapa through a basic technique training approach using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method. The research subjects amounted to 32 students who were selected using the total sampling technique. The main instruments of the research were a 50-meter sprint running skill test and observation of student activities during learning. The implementation of research is carried out through two cycles of action, each of which includes the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Pre-cycle results show that most students are still in the category of sufficient and deficient, with only a few students classified as good. After the application of basic engineering exercises in cycles I and II, there was a significant increase in skills, shown by the percentage of students in the good and excellent categories which increased from 18.8% to 56.3%, while the less and less categories decreased to zero. Observations also showed an increase in student motivation, participation, and activeness during learning. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the systematic and gradual application of basic technique training is effective in improving the sprint running skills of grade V students of SD Negeri 17 Kelapa. This strategy not only improves motor skills and sprint techniques, but also has a positive impact on students' motivation and enthusiasm for learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Melda Astuti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Basic Sprint Running Technique Abilities of Students at Sdn 23 Tanjung Lago
This study focuses on the four main components of sprinting technique: start, acceleration, maximum speed, and finish. This study will investigate the basic sprinting abilities of students at SDN 23 Tanjung Lago. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach through observation. Twenty students were tested using an observation sheet with a rating scale of 1 to 5. The results showed that students generally have good basic sprinting technique abilities, with an average score of around 4.0. Students are most proficient in the maximum speed section, but the start, acceleration, and finish still need to be improved. The consistency of the initial push, acceleration rhythm, and the method of touching the finish line are the main problems. The results indicate that to improve basic technique abilities comprehensively, physical education teachers should provide more types of training, such as starting drills, short-distance acceleration exercises, and simple competition simulations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azwar Anas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of 60-Meter Sprint Running Skills among Fifth Grade Students at SD Negeri 14 Talang Kelapa
This study aims to analyze the 60-meter running ability of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 14 Talang Kelapa. This study used a quantitative descriptive approach with a sample of 31 students from class VA who were selected purposively. Data were collected through a 60-meter running skills test, which assessed aspects of starting position, running movement, speed and stride efficiency, and finishing technique. The results of observations and assessments were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the frequency distribution and percentage of students' motor skills. The results showed that the majority of students were in the sufficient and less than adequate categories, 35% each, while 20% of students were in the good category, and 10% were in the very poor category. These findings indicate that students' mastery of basic 60-meter running techniques still needs to be improved, especially in movement coordination, body position, and stride efficiency when running. Based on these results, Physical Education (PJOK) learning needs to be directed in a more structured manner and focused on developing basic running skills through varied and enjoyable exercises. This study provides important information for PJOK teachers in designing adaptive, effective learning strategies that can improve students' overall motor skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Seftiandi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of Sepak Sila Practical Proficiencies Among Sepak Takraw Extracurricular Participants at SMPN 30 Palembang
This study aims to determine the level of ethical football technique skills in students who participate in sepak takraw extracurricular activities at SMP Negeri 30 Palembang. The method used is a survey method with a quantitative descriptive approach. The research population is all students participating in sepak takraw extracurricular activities totaling 15 people, and all of them are used as samples (total sampling). The research instrument is in the form of a precept technique skill test which assesses aspects of body position, accuracy of ball handling, ball direction, and consistency of movement. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency and percentage distributions. The results of the study show that the level of students' technical skills is still relatively low with an average score of 62.7. Most students are in the poor (40%) category, while only a few reach the good (13.3%) and adequate (33.3%) categories. These results indicate that the mastery of basic martial arts techniques in students is not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the frequency and variety of exercises, as well as more structured coaching so that students' basic engineering skills can develop significantly.
Copyright (c) 2026 Merinda Saputri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Basic Skills of Lower Passing and Upper Passing in Volleyball Extracurricular Students at SMP Negeri 2 Sanga Desa
This study aims to analyze the basic skills of lower passing and upper passing in volleyball extracurricular students at SMP Negeri 2 Sanga Desa. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with total sampling, involving 30 students (17 boys and 13 girls). The research instrument was in the form of a test of lower passing and upper passing skills for 60 seconds, assessed based on the number of correct passes according to the assessment norms that have been set. The results showed that most students were in the good category for both types of passing, with 33.3% on the bottom passing and 40% on the top passing. The upper passing skill is slightly higher than the lower passing, which is likely due to the frequency of practice and the use of the technique in the game. Overall, the basic volleyball skills of extracurricular students of SMP Negeri 2 Sanga Desa were in the good category, showing the effectiveness of the training program implemented, although advanced exercises were still needed to improve accuracy, ball control, and movement coordination.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hery Ardiansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Principal Leadership and Work Motivation on Teacher Performance at SDN 6 Suak Tapeh
The purpose of this study is to investigate how teacher performance at SDN 6 Suak Tapeh is impacted by the leadership style and work motivation of the school principal. The 25 teachers of SDN 6 Suak Tapeh make up the study's population. This study uses a survey approach and a quantitative methodology. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the data, which were gathered via questionnaires. The findings show that teacher performance is positively and significantly impacted by the principal's leadership style. Additionally, instructors' motivation at work has a good and considerable impact on their performance. At SDN 6 Suak Tapeh, job motivation and principal leadership both play a major role in raising teacher performance. These results demonstrate how important school principals are in putting great leadership into practice and creating an inspiring workplace, thereby enhancing teacher performance and positively impacting education quality.
principal leadership, work motivation, teacher performance, eduqation quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Edi Arwan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Movement Coordination and the Performance of Serving and Passing Skills in Beginner Volleyball Players: A Literature Review
This study aims to examine the relationship between motor coordination, particularly hand-eye coordination and body balance, and the success of serving and passing techniques in novice volleyball players. This study used a literature review approach to several national studies published between 2021 and 2025 in SINTA indexed journals. Based on the selection results of 168 relevant articles, 10 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The review results indicate that motor coordination significantly contributes to improving serving and passing skills. Hand eye coordination strongly influences accuracy and speed of movement, while overall body coordination supports postural stability during movement. This study emphasizes the importance of structured coordination training in teaching basic volleyball techniques for novice players. Practical implications: Coaches and physical education teachers are advised to integrate coordination training into their training programs to optimally develop serving and passing skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nopriyansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Esteem Levels Using Table Tennis Extracurricular Engagement at Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Darussalam, Central Bengkulu
This study aims to determine the level of confidence of students who participate in table tennis extracurricular activities at Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Darussalam, Central Bengkulu. The study used a survey method with a crosssectional approach, where data was collected once through a confidence questionnaire compiled based on self-efficacy theory by Zhang et al. The study population was 10 students in grades IV–VI who participated in table tennis extracurriculars, with a total sampling technique. The data was analyzed descriptively quantitatively using percentages to determine the category of confidence levels. The results showed that 50% of students had a high level of confidence, 30% were very high, and 20% were in the medium category, with no students included in the low or very low category. These results show that table tennis extracurricular activities contribute positively to the increase in student confidence. This activity not only trains motor skills, but also fosters the courage, responsibility, and motivation of students to perform in front of others. Thus, table tennis extracurricular activities can be used as an effective means of developing the character and confidence of students at madrasah ibtidaiyyah.
Confidence, Extracurricular, Table Tennis, Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah Students
Copyright (c) 2026 Mas’ullah Andriyani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Underhand Passing Ability in Volleyball Games of Extracurricular Students at SMPN 4 Kelapa Bangka Belitung
This study aims to analyze the underhand passing ability and difficulties experienced by students in volleyball at SMPN 4 Kelapa Bangka Belitung, as well as to formulate learning strategies that are appropriate to the students' needs. This study uses a quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach involving a number of students as research subjects. Quantitative data were obtained through the results of underhand passing ability assessments, while qualitative data were collected through observation, interviews with physical education teachers, and documentation of learning activities. The results showed that most students had underhand passing ability in the good category (40%), followed by sufficient (26.7%) and poor (13.3%). The main difficulties for students were in the ready position and stance (33.3%), followed by difficulties in ball contact (26.7%) and controlling direction and ball control (23.3%), while 16.7% of students did not experience significant difficulties. These findings emphasize the importance of developing directed, interesting, and needs-based learning to improve underhand passing skills, strengthen motor coordination, and foster cooperation, sportsmanship, and motivation to practice in volleyball.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hardik Roma Perwana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Principal’s Managerial Leadership Role in Improving Teacher Performance at SDN 2 Lembak
The principle is essential to improving educational standards since it is the primary manager of all school resources, especially human resources. The purpose of this study was to examine and characterize the managerial function of the principal in raising teacher performance at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 Lembak. This study used a case study design and a qualitative methodology. Purposive sampling was used to choose informants, who included four teachers (representing senior and junior staff), the vice-principal for curriculum, and the principal of the school. In-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis were used to gather data. Data analysis methods (data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification) were based on the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results show that the principal carries out all fundamental managerial duties (POAC) in an efficient manner. The creation of the School Work Plan (RKS) and collaborative, data-driven needs analysis for teacher professional development (KKG) serve as examples of the planning function. Clear task organization, equitable instructional time distribution, and effective resource management are all examples of the organizing function in action. Creating a great work environment, consistently motivating employees, and exhibiting democratic leadership are all ways to carry out the Actuating role. Systematic academic supervision, followed by follow-up and constructive criticism, is how the controlling function is carried out. Higher professional discipline, better classroom management, and enhanced instructional planning (RPP) are all indicators of increased teacher performance that are directly correlated with these integrated managerial initiatives.
Problem-Based Learning, Capital Market, Economics Education, Critical Thinking.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Wulandari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Survey of Long Jump Ability Learning Outcome among Students at SMPN 5 Kelapa Bangka Belitung
This study aims to determine the learning outcomes of the long jump ability of SMPN 5 Kelapa Bangka Belitung students by involving 38 students as research subjects. The assessment was carried out through direct observation of the practice of long jump which included four aspects of the technique, namely preset, repulsion, hovering attitude, and landing. The results of observations showed that students' long jump ability was in three categories, namely the high category of 12 students (31.6%), the medium category of 16 students (42.1%), and the low category of 10 students (26.3%). This indicates that most students are in the medium category, which means that students have understood the basics of long jump motion but still need to improve technique consistency especially in the hovering and landing phases. Students in the high category showed better mastery of technique, especially in initial speed and repulsion strength, while students in the lower category experienced difficulties in coordination and leg muscle strength. Thus, a more structured learning strategy, the use of clear demonstration methods, increased strength training, and continuous feedback are needed so that student learning outcomes can improve.
Long jump, learning outcomes, physical education, student movement techniques
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogi Giwantara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Volleyball Underhand Serve Proficiency Among Students at SMAN 3 Seluma Bengkulu
This study seeks to assess the proficiency of the volleyball underhand serve among students at SMAN 3 Seluma Bengkulu as a foundation for evaluating Physical Education instruction. The research employed a quantitative descriptive methodology with 32 participants from class X. Data was gathered using a basic service skills assessment, in which each student was afforded ten opportunities to do service. The findings indicated that students' service competence varied, with the highest percentage classified as adequate at 34.4%, followed by good at 28.1%, poor at 18.8%, exceptional at 12.5%, and extremely poor at 6.2%. The data suggest that the majority of students comprehend the fundamental procedures of lower service; nonetheless, they struggle to execute motions consistently and with stability. Factors that influence performance include inadequate arm muscular strength, underdeveloped body coordination, and insufficient intensity of targeted training. Consequently, it is essential to enhance learning processes via repetitive exercises, suitable demonstrations, and systematic feedback to facilitate the best development of foundational service techniques
Physical education, volleyball, underhand serve, motor skills, student proficiency
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Pramadanita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Review on the Development of Volleyball Service and Passing Technique Learning Models in Physical Education
This study aims to understand the role of traditional games in improving the social interaction of elementary school students who have experienced a decline due to the influence of technology and individual digital games. Traditional games such as engklek, gobak sodor, fortengan, and egrang are believed to be able to foster cooperation, communication, discipline, sportsmanship, and empathy for students through fun and educational physical activities. Using a qualitative approach of a case study type involving 30 grade V students, PJOK teachers, and homeroom teachers in one of the elementary schools in Banyuasin Regency, data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed inducively with the support of descriptive percentage analysis. The results showed that traditional games had a positive effect on improving students' social interaction, where 86.6% of students were in the good to very good category, with the most prominent aspects being active participation (90%) and discipline (87%). The five main themes that emerged included cooperation and communication, discipline and responsibility, sportsmanship and empathy, tolerance and familiarity, and joy and the spirit of togetherness. Thus, the integration of traditional games in PJOK learning is recommended as an effective strategy to foster students' social character and strengthen social relationships between students in the school environment.
Traditional games, social interaction, elementary school students, PJOK, social characters
Copyright (c) 2026 Eman Saputra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Implementation of Principal Leadership Styles in Shaping School Culture and Enhancing Teacher Motivation at SD Negeri 104 Palembang
The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed account of how the principal's leadership style was used at SD Negeri 104 Palembang to improve teacher motivation and school culture. The case study method was used to conduct the research using a qualitative approach. Teachers, education professionals, and school principals were among the research informants. Interviews, observations, and documentation methods were used to gather the data, which was then subjected to a qualitative descriptive analysis that included data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The study's findings demonstrate that school administrators use a democratic leadership style, which is demonstrated by leaders and teachers having open, participative, two-way communication. This leadership fosters a positive school culture that emphasizes the principles of accountability, discipline, mutual assistance and gratitude for accomplishments. Increased teacher motivation is a result of a supportive school culture, as seen by the strong sense of teaching, teamwork, and professional accountability. Overall, the study comes to the conclusion that democratic leadership approaches are crucial for fostering a positive school culture and boosting teacher motivation. In order to foster a positive work atmosphere and raise the standard of instruction in primary schools, inspirational and participatory leadership is essential.
Principal Leadership Style, Teacher Motivation, School Culture, Democratic Leadership.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Sartika Sari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Principal's Leadership Style in Enhancing Teacher Professionalism at SD Negeri 6 Banyuasin III
This study aims to analyze the leadership style of the principal in enhancing teacher professionalism at SD Negeri 6 Banyuasin III. School leadership plays a crucial role in creating a conducive learning environment and encouraging teachers to develop their competencies. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The subjects of the study were the principal and teachers at SD Negeri 6 Banyuasin III. The findings indicate that the principal applies a transformational and participative leadership style, characterized by the ability to motivate teachers, provide clear guidance, and involve teachers in decision-making. This leadership style positively impacts teacher professionalism, reflected in improvements in pedagogical competence, managerial skills, and professional ethics. Teachers become more creative, disciplined, and proactive in carrying out their duties. The study concludes that the principal's leadership is a key factor in developing teacher professionalism, and continuous improvement through training and regular evaluation is necessary. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for other schools in creating a professional climate that supports the enhancement of education quality.
school principal leadership, teacher professionalism, SD Negeri 6 Banyuasin III, transformational leadership, participative leadership
Copyright (c) 2026 Meri Susanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study on the Implementation of the School-Based Lesson Study Model in Civics Education at SMA Negeri 1 Indralaya Selatan
This research aims to find out implementation oflesson study model based on school on the PKn lesson in Senior High School 1 Soult Indralaya. This research uses qualitative approach. In this research, the informants are three people, a headmaster, and two by PKn lesson teachers who obtained through purposive sampling technique by selecting teachers who are experts in applying the lesson study. The tecniques of collecting data in this research are interview,observation, questionnaire, and documentation. The data validity tests in this research are credibility test, transferability test, dependability test and confirmability test. Analysis techniques in this research uses reducing data, presenting data, ang getting conclusions. Based on the data analysis results and discussion, it is know that the implementation of lesson study model based on school on the PKn lesson in Senior High School 1 Soult Indralaya is good, It is proved by accordance of lesson study stages that has been applied by teachers in the classroom, such as planning teachers are good att planning lessons,implementation teachers are good at teaching, reflection headmaster and observer teachers have been good at conveying positive suggestions. Based on the data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of the school-based lesson study model in Civics at Senior High School 1 Soult Indralaya is effective. This is evident in the appropriateness of the lesson study stages implemented by teachers in the classroom, such as Plan, Do, and See.
Implementation, lesson study model based on school, PKn lesson
Copyright (c) 2026 Melati Utami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the Principal's Leadership on the Motivation of Teachers of SD Negeri 04 Pengarayan
This study aims to determine the influence of principals' leadership and motivation on teacher performance in SD Negeri 04 Pengarayan. The background of this research departs from the importance of the role of teachers in determining the success of education in Indonesia. Professional teachers are required to have academic competence, educator certification, and the ability to manage the learning process effectively. On the other hand, school principals as the highest leaders in schools have a strategic role in increasing teacher motivation and performance so that national education goals can be achieved.This research is focused on three main aspects, namely: (1) the influence of the principal's leadership on teacher performance, (2) the influence of teacher motivation on teacher performance, and (3) the influence of the principal's leadership and teacher motivation simultaneously on teacher performance at SD Negeri 04 Pengarayan. The research method used is a quantitative approach with data collection techniques through questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results of the research are expected to make a theoretical contribution to the development of education management science, especially related to teacher leadership and work motivation. Practically, the results of this research are expected to be input for teachers to increase motivation and communication, for school principals in developing an effective and participatory leadership style, and for schools and education offices in designing programs to improve the quality of education through strengthening leadership and motivation of human resources.
Principal's Leadership, Teacher Motivation, Teacher Performance
Copyright (c) 2026 Noviliana Noviliana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of School Literacy Program in Improving Elementary School Students' Reading Interest in Muara Sugihan District
Study This aim For analyze effectiveness implementation of the Literacy Program School (PLS) and evaluate role supervision head school as a key mediator in improvement interest read student Elementary Schools in Muara Sugihan District. This study use approach qualitative pure with design studies case collective . Data collected through observation implementation PLS , as well as interview deep with teachers, PLS coordinators , and principals schools in five elementary schools spread across the area . Data analysis was carried out in a way thematic For identify pattern effectiveness and challenges , in particular related support leadership. Findings show that although there is constraint source Power book , component " Silent Time Reading " and head - driven teacher initiative school correlated strong with improvement interest read . Support head consistent school ( supervision ) and adequate teacher training in a way qualitative become factor determinant success. Study This offers a PLS adaptation model that is rooted in the limitations source resource - constrained model mediated by supervision head school transformative in context the remote geography of Muara Sugihan. Research result This underline importance shift focus policy from procurement physique solely for development capacity head school in do supervision based solutions and provide source Power training local for teachers. Study This confirm that success of literacy programs national education is highly dependent on the ability of teachers to innovation and teacher professionalism in manage environment literacy class , which is fundamentally supported by the mechanism supervision head effective schools.
Literacy Program School (PLS), Supervision, Teacher Training, Reading Interest, School Leadership
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Sofiul Fuad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Influence of School Principal's Managerial Competence on Elementary School Organizational Climate
The aim of this research is to thoroughly analyze the partial and simultaneous influence of School Principal's Managerial Competence on the formation of School Organizational Climate in Elementary Schools (SD), specifically within the context of Kurikulum Merdeka (Independent Curriculum) implementation and digitalization demands. The method employed is Qualitative, utilizing an Interpretative Phenomenology approach, conducted at SDN 6 Karang Agung Ilir, involving 10 core teachers as main participants through in-depth interviews and open- ended qualitative questionnaires. The results show a positive and significant influence, with a key finding that the transparent Supervision/Evaluation dimension is the strongest predictor in establishing Procedural Justice in the school climate. Conversely, the Planning dimension showed the weakest influence on Teacher Collaboration. The Novelty of this study lies in the strict separation of pure Managerial variables from transformational leadership, an in-depth dimension-by- dimension analysis, and the use of up-to-date empirical data post-Kurikulum Merdeka transition. The Practical Implication of these findings is the recommendation for the Education Office to focus Principal Training (Diklat) programs on strengthening accountability, transparency, and Supervision/Evaluation Management skills, in addition to digital literacy. The Contribution of this research enriches the literature on educational management science at the elementary level and serves as a theoretical foundation for developing more contextual school management models in Indonesia.
Managerial Competence, School Organizational Climate, School Principal, Elementary School, Kurikulum Merdeka.
Copyright (c) 2026 Budi Prayogo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0